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2.5 Models for chemically-reacting flows

The superior potential of multi-fluid models is most apparent when chemical reaction is important, for reasons which will be strongly argued, and illustrated, below.

The alternatives are:-

to ignore the influences of the temperature and concentrations, and so make what are certainly incorrect prediction;
to make some guesses about the fluctuations, by "presuming the pdf" which are likely to be almost as incorrect, and will require more computing expense;
to use an expensive (and still little validated) probabilistic (Monte Carlo) method;
or to use the much less expensive (but also little validated) Multi-Fluid Method (MFM).

MFM at least allows its errors to be estimated by grid-refinement.

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